Teeming with a rich historical and cultural past, Central India is a paradise for history buffs, archaeologists, architects, and artists who visit from different parts of the globe. Replete with opulent palaces, majestic forts, and magnificent temples, this central region of the country is where the medieval history of India carved its legacy. Ruled by several dynasties ranging from the Chandelas and Guptas to the Mughals, Marathas, Bundelas, and the British, the region intrigues visitors with tales of romance, brutalities, battles, jauhar, and bravery that seem to ooze from every inch of its monuments, standing tall for centuries.
If you have a keen interest in history, or if the rich architecture and splendid art of bygone eras arouse a deep curiosity in you to explore more, come and be a part of the region’s turbulent historical journey. Here is a list of 15 destinations that you must cover on the trip to Central India of a lifetime.
- Resplendent Fort of Gwalior
- Impressive Jain Rock Sculptures
- Spiritually Rich & Exquisitely Carved Temples of Khajuraho
- Land of Holkars, Indore
- Ancient City of Maheshwar
- Ruins of Mandu
- Medieval Town of Orchha
- Prehistoric Buddhist City of Sanchi
- City of the Valiant Queen Rani Lakshmibai, Jhansi
- Ancient Ruins of Pawaya
- Prehistoric Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka
- Originally Chosen Site for the Taj Mahal – Burhanpur
- Cultural Town of Chanderi
- Lost Town of Chhattisgarh – Sirpur
- Forts of Bilaspur
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Resplendent Fort of Gwalior
Dating back to the 8th century, the impressive Gwalior Fort, perched atop a 3-km-long sandstone plateau in Madhya Pradesh, is one of the most famous historical places in Central India. From the Kachchawahas, Tomars, Mughals, and Marathas to the British and Scindias, the fort served as the ruling seat for many dynasties in the past, gifting it with several architectural marvels that have today become part of its glorious history. Along with many splendid moments, the fort has also witnessed grim tales of imprisonments, battles, love affairs, and jauhar, all of which add depth to its fascinating legacy.
Today, as one of the most popular tourist attractions in Madhya Pradesh, the fort welcomes countless visitors, both domestic and international, who come here to be part of its centuries-old enthralling journey.
Ancient Temples of the Fort
The fort is home to three fascinating temples, among which the ‘Teli-ka-Mandir’ is the most famous. It boasts a remarkable blend of Dravidian and Nagara styles of architecture. Dating back to the 11th century, when the fort was under the rule of the Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty, the temple is one of the oldest surviving structures within the fort complex. It is dedicated to Lord Vishnu in the form of his vahana, Garuda. The temple’s splendid architecture and intricate carvings on its walls and doorway continue to attract countless visitors every year.
Besides the ‘Teli-ka-Mandir’, the twin ‘Sas-Bahu’ temples also fascinate travellers visiting the fort. Many believe these temples to be associated with a story involving a mother-in-law and daughter-in-law; in some ways, that is true. However, the term ‘Sas-Bahu’ is actually derived from ‘Sahastrabahu’, a manifestation of Lord Vishnu with a thousand hands, to whom one of these temples is dedicated.
According to popular belief, the wife of the Kachchawaha king, during whose reign these temples were built, was a devoted follower of Lord Vishnu and hence had the temple dedicated to the thousand-armed Vishnu constructed. In contrast, the king’s daughter-in-law was a devotee of Lord Shiva, and at her request, another temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, with a similar architectural style, was built beside the Vishnu temple. Apart from the interesting story associated with these twin shrines, it is the exceptional craftsmanship on their roofs and walls that continues to captivate visitors throughout the year.
Magnificent Palaces Inside the Fort
Apart from its ancient temples, Gwalior Fort also houses two magnificent palaces that draw the attention of visitors. The more prominent of the two is the ‘Raja Man Singh Palace’, renowned for its exquisite architecture and the ornate blue tile and mosaic work adorning its façade and outer walls. Built by Raja Man Singh Tomar in the 15th century, the palace undoubtedly reflects the remarkable artistic brilliance of the artisans and architects of the bygone era.
If you are visiting the palace, make sure to attend one of the country’s finest sound and light shows, which recreates the enchanting love story of Raja Man Singh Tomar and his queen, Mrignayani. The illuminated backdrop of the palace further enhances the magical charm of the show, leaving visitors completely mesmerized.
Another fascinating structure within the fort complex is the ‘Gurjari Mahal’, also built by Raja Man Singh Tomar for his beloved Gurjar queen, Mrignayani. Today, the palace has been converted into an archaeological museum where visitors can admire an impressive collection of historical artefacts, sculptures, carvings, and frescoes, some of which are over 1,000 years old.
Impressive Jain Rock Sculptures
Located along the path leading to the ‘Urwahi Gate’ of Gwalior Fort on its southern side, one comes across scores of exquisite and ancient rock-cut sculptures that date from the 7th century to the mid-15th century. Carved into the vertical sandstone cliffs along the fortress walls, these imposing sculptures of Jain Tirthankaras stand tall in all their glory and beautifully reflect the exceptional carving skills of the artisans and craftsmen of the bygone era.
The most magnificently carved among the figures in this ‘Urwahi Group’ is the 17-metre-tall statue of Lord Adinath, the first Tirthankara and founder of the Jain religion. Apart from the sculptures flanking the ‘Urwahi Gate’, many impressive carvings can also be seen on the eastern and south-eastern sides of Gwalior Fort. Sculpted in different standing and meditative postures, these statues offer a deep insight into the ancient Jain art and heritage that flourished in India centuries ago.
Despite being damaged during the invasion of the Mughal emperor Babur in 1527 and enduring harsh weather conditions over the years, these sculptures continue to retain their charismatic splendour. Even today, they act like a magnet for historians, archaeologists, artists, and Jain pilgrims from across the world, who visit these remarkable historical figurines to witness their aura, artistry, and magnificence.
Spiritually Rich & Exquisitely Carved Temples of Khajuraho
Famed worldwide for their exquisite carvings dating back to the period between 900 and 1130 AD during the reign of the Chandela dynasty, the Khajuraho Group of Temples tops the itineraries of almost every tourist planning to visit Madhya Pradesh in Central India. According to historical evidence, there were once as many as 85 temples; however, only about 20 survive today. Among them, the ‘Kandariya Mahadeva Temple’ is the most prominent, standing tall as a brilliant example of architectural excellence and a testimony to the exceptional artistic skills of the artisans and craftsmen of that era.
While most of these temples are dedicated to Hindu deities, a few are also devoted to the Jain pantheon. Adorning the inner and outer walls of the temples are intricately sculpted figures of celestial nymphs and mithunas, depicted in various sensuous poses and expressions. According to several analytical studies, these erotic sculptures reflect the significant role of women in ancient Indian society. The grace, beauty, and poise portrayed in these carvings celebrate womanhood and suggest that women were regarded as one of the finest creations of God in ancient Indian culture.
Spirituality and Human Desires
The stunning architecture and elaborate carvings of the Khajuraho temples have long fascinated visitors from around the world. Over the years, these temples have also become a subject of study for historians and scholars attempting to understand the connection between spirituality and human desires. According to one popular theory, every human being is exposed to countless worldly temptations, with sexual desire being among the strongest. Only those who rise above these worldly attachments can attain self-realization and progress towards a higher spiritual plane.
Standing today as monumental evidence of the artistic brilliance and cultural outlook of ancient India between the 10th and 12th centuries, the Khajuraho temples are truly a must-visit destination on a tour of Central India.
Land of Holkars, Indore
The largest city of Madhya Pradesh, Indore is rich in history, culture, and architecture. Also known as the commercial capital of the state, the city occupies a prominent place on the travel itineraries of tourists visiting Madhya Pradesh. Indore flourished during the reign of the Holkar dynasty and reached the peak of its glory under the rule of Malhar Rao Holkar in the 18th century, when several remarkable monuments were added to the city’s landscape.
Rajwada Palace – Pride of Indore
Among all the historical structures in Indore, the most famous is the ‘Rajwada Palace’, which narrates tales of the city’s glorious past. Built nearly two centuries ago, Rajwada stands majestically in the heart of the city and showcases a unique blend of Hindu-Rajputana, Mughal, and European architectural styles.
The palace suffered extensive damage in a massive fire in 1984, due to which only its front portion survives today. In recent years, however, it has undergone renovation, with the addition of beautiful gardens and fountains at the rear, enhancing its charm and appeal.
Lal Baag Palace – Reflection of Royal Grandeur
Besides Rajwada, another monument that captures the attention of visitors is the magnificent ‘Lal Baag Palace’, built in an Indo-European style of architecture. Every corner of the palace reflects a highly westernized outlook and offers a deep insight into the regal lifestyle and refined tastes of the Holkar rulers.
Adorned with contemporary Italian marble work, Belgian stained-glass windows, grand chandeliers, and exquisite Italian wall paintings, the palace leaves visitors spellbound with the luxury and elegance it preserves within its walls. Today, a major portion of the palace has been converted into a museum and is maintained by the Archaeological Department of Madhya Pradesh.
Kanch Mandir – The Temple of Glass
A visit to Indore remains incomplete without exploring the splendid ‘Kanch Mandir’, a temple beautifully crafted with thousands of pieces of glass and mirrors. Built in the early 20th century by Seth Hukumchand, the temple is dedicated to Lord Mahavir, the founder of Jainism, and attracts both Jain pilgrims and tourists alike.
An exceptional masterpiece of art and craftsmanship, Kanch Mandir mesmerizes visitors with its dazzling beauty, intricate mirror work, and exquisite interiors.
Ancient City of Maheshwar
Located on the banks of the holy Narmada River, Maheshwar is a 4,000-year-old town in Madhya Pradesh that once served as the capital of the Malwa Kingdom. This historic town witnessed its golden era under the legendary queen, Ahilya Bai Holkar, who ruled the kingdom during the 18th century.
Rani Ahilya Bai was the daughter-in-law of Maharaja Malhar Rao Holkar, the founder of the Holkar Kingdom of Indore, and is remembered for her exceptional diplomatic and administrative skills. Trained in military affairs, she personally led armies into battle to protect her kingdom from invasions. She was also a great patron of art, culture, and religion, and commissioned the construction of numerous Hindu temples across Indore and Maheshwar. Apart from building temples within her own kingdom, she also undertook the renovation of several important Hindu shrines across India, including the famous Kashi Vishwanath Temple in Varanasi.
Ahilya Fort – The Pride of Maheshwar
The ‘Ahilya Fort’, originally built during the 16th century, is the principal attraction of the historic town of Maheshwar. During the reign of Ahilya Bai, several temples and a beautiful palace were added to the fort complex. The palace served both as the queen’s residence and the administrative headquarters of the Holkar dynasty.
Today, the palace has been transformed into a heritage hotel and offers visitors a unique and regal accommodation experience in Maheshwar. While visiting the fort, one can stroll through its courtyards and palace areas that are open to the public.
One of the major attractions within the courtyard is the life-size statue of Rani Ahilya Bai seated on her rajgaddi, or royal throne. The statue stands as a tribute to the legendary queen who devoted herself to the welfare of her subjects and left a lasting legacy behind. Even today, the Rehwa Society, established by the Holkar royal family, continues to support the local Maheshwari saree weavers through its initiatives and profits.
Temples and Intricate Stone Carvings
While exploring the fort complex, one must not miss visiting the small yet beautiful temple adorned with exquisite stone carvings on its walls and ceilings. The intricate craftsmanship and peaceful ambience of the temple add to the timeless charm and spiritual aura of Maheshwar.
Ruins of Mandu
A city that stands as a testament to the enchanting tales of love between Prince Baaz Bahadur and his beloved Rani Roopmati, Mandu was founded in the 10th century by the Parmar rulers of Malwa in western Madhya Pradesh. The city changed hands among several Afghan rulers between the 14th and early 16th centuries, a period during which Mandu reached the pinnacle of its glory. In the late 16th century, the city eventually came under the rule of the Mughals.
Today, Mandu is considered one of the best places to visit in Central India and is renowned for its fascinating ruins of palaces, reservoirs, and tombs that continue to narrate stories of romance, grandeur, and architectural brilliance.
Jahaz Mahal – The Ship Palace
Among the many attractions in Mandu, the splendid ‘Jahaz Mahal’ is undoubtedly the most famous. Built by Ghiyas-ud-din Khilji during the early 15th century, the palace reflects the luxurious lifestyle of the ruler, who was known for his love of pleasure and grandeur. It is believed that Ghiyas-ud-din Khilji maintained a vast harem of nearly 15,000 women, for whom this magnificent palace was constructed.
Located within the walled Mandu Fort, the palace stretches gracefully on a narrow strip of land between two artificial lakes — Munj Talao and Kapur Talao. Its unique location gives the illusion of a ship floating on water, which is why it came to be known as the ‘Jahaz Mahal’ or the ‘Ship Palace’.
Hindola Mahal – The Swinging Palace
Another remarkable structure in Mandu is the ‘Hindola Mahal’, popularly known as the ‘Swinging Palace’. Built in the late 15th century during the reign of Ghiyas-ud-din Khilji, the palace derives its name from its sloping side walls, which create the illusion of the structure swaying like a swing.
Unlike many ornate monuments of the era, the architectural simplicity and minimalistic ornamentation of Hindola Mahal make it stand apart from the other structures in the city.
Hoshang Shah’s Tomb and the Tale of Roopmati
The ‘Hoshang Shah’s Tomb’ is yet another architectural gem of Mandu. Considered India’s first marble structure with exquisite lattice work, the design and architecture of this tomb are believed to have inspired the construction of the iconic Taj Mahal centuries later.
A visit to Mandu remains incomplete without exploring the famous ‘Roopmati’s Pavilion’, which brings alive the immortal love story of Rani Roopmati and Prince Baaz Bahadur. Overlooking the serene waters of the Narmada River, the pavilion served as a retreat where Roopmati spent cherished moments with the prince.
The pavilion also overlooks the ‘Baaz Bahadur’s Palace’, perched beautifully on a hillside amidst picturesque surroundings. Baaz Bahadur, the last Sultan of Malwa, ruled between 1555 and 1562 before being defeated by the Mughal emperor Akbar. According to legend, after his defeat, Baaz Bahadur fled the kingdom, leaving Roopmati behind. Heartbroken upon hearing the news, Roopmati chose to end her life by consuming poison.
Echoes of an Eternal Love Story
Even today, the heart-rending tales of this tragic love story seem to echo through the breathtaking ruins of Mandu. Rich in history, romance, and architectural splendour, Mandu truly remains one of the most fascinating travel destinations in Central India and makes for a memorable getaway.
Medieval Town of Orchha
Located on the banks of the Betwa River in Madhya Pradesh, Orchha is another prominent historical destination in Central India. The town once served as the capital of Bundelkhand during the reign of the Bundela Rajput kings and is today renowned for its ancient temples and palaces that still retain their artistic grandeur. This charming town is dotted with numerous historical sites that make for a delightful experience for history buffs and curious travellers eager to explore its glorious past.
Orchha Fort Complex
A visit to Orchha can begin with the magnificent ‘Orchha Fort Complex’, which dates back to the 16th century and houses three beautiful palaces. The ‘Jehangir Mahal’ within the fort complex is its primary highlight and was built by Raja Bir Singh Deo to commemorate the visit of the Mughal emperor Jehangir.
Built in a blend of Rajput and Mughal architectural styles, the palace features several rooms, courtyards, and hanging balconies that offer panoramic views of the Betwa River. The delicate lattice work on its windows and the striking chhatris (cenotaphs) further enhance the charm of this splendid citadel.
Another important attraction within the fort complex is the ‘Raj Mahal’, built by Madhukar Shah and considered one of the oldest historic monuments in the city. While the exteriors of the palace are simple and understated, adorned with a few chhatris, the interiors leave visitors mesmerized with their magnificent mural paintings depicting a variety of religious themes.
The ‘Rai Parveen Mahal’ is yet another fascinating structure within the complex. Built for the celebrated musician and poetess Rai Parveen, who was also the beloved of Raja Indramani, the palace reflects a graceful Mughal style of architecture complemented by well-manicured gardens and pathways. The second storey of the palace, adorned with paintings of dancers in various dance postures, is truly a visual delight.
Temples of Orchha
After exploring the fort complex, visitors can head towards the famous ‘Ram Raja Temple’, situated in the heart of Orchha. Dedicated to Lord Rama, the structure was originally built as a palace for the queen of Madhukar Shah. According to legend, when the idol of Lord Rama, temporarily installed in the palace, could not be moved, the palace itself was transformed into a temple.
Even today, the temple remains bustling with pilgrims and tourists who come here to pay their obeisance to Lord Rama, worshipped uniquely as a king.
Located south of the Ram Raja Temple is the ‘Chaturbhuj Temple’, the original site where the idol of Lord Rama was intended to be enshrined. However, when the idol could not be shifted from the Ram Raja Palace, the deities of Radha and Krishna were installed here instead. The temple’s exquisite architecture and heavily ornamented exteriors, adorned with intricate religious carvings, stand as a testimony to the architectural brilliance of the bygone era.
Visited by devotees from far and wide seeking divine blessings and eternal peace, the temple is today one of the prominent attractions in Orchha.
Another remarkable temple in the town is the ‘Laxmi Narayan Temple’, which showcases a unique fusion of temple and fort architecture. Dedicated to Goddess Laxmi, the temple is especially admired for its exquisite frescoes and vibrant mural paintings.
Chhatris of Orchha
The 14 majestic chhatris of Orchha, built as memorials to the rulers of the region, also deserve a visit. Standing gracefully along the banks of the Betwa River, these solemn cenotaphs add a timeless charm to the historical landscape of Orchha.
Orchha is not merely a town filled with historical monuments; it is a place where every structure narrates stories of friendship, romance, devotion, and betrayal. So, while travelling through Central India, make sure to include an excursion to this fascinating destination in your itinerary.
Prehistoric Buddhist City of Sanchi
One of the oldest Buddhist sites in India, Sanchi is a small village in Madhya Pradesh renowned for its numerous stupas and ancient Buddhist monuments. Apart from its immense historical and archaeological importance, Sanchi also holds deep religious significance for Buddhists across the world.
The Great Stupa of Sanchi
The ‘Great Stupa’, built in the 3rd century BC on the orders of the Mauryan emperor Ashoka, is the principal attraction of Sanchi and is believed to enshrine relics of Lord Buddha. Standing tall in its timeless splendour, the stupa is considered the oldest stone structure in India and has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Originally constructed as a simple brick structure with nearly half the diameter of the present hemispherical dome, the stupa was later enlarged during the reign of the Sunga dynasty. It was during this period that elaborately carved railings, stairways, and the harmika at the top were added to the monument.
Later, in the 1st century BC, the Satavahana rulers adorned the stupa with four magnificently carved gateways, further enhancing its grandeur. The intricate carvings on these gateways depict scenes from the early life of Buddha, his previous incarnations, and the famous Jataka tales, standing today as fine examples of classical Buddhist art.
Near the Great Stupa, visitors can also see a fragment of the famous ‘Ashoka Pillar’, erected in the 3rd century BC.
Other Important Structures in Sanchi
Besides the Great Stupa, ‘Stupa 2’ and ‘Stupa 3’ are also worth visiting during a trip to Sanchi. Near Stupa 2, one can notice a huge bowl carved from a monolithic black rock. Known as the ‘Great Bowl’, it is believed to have served as a container for food distributed among the resident monks of Sanchi.
Sanchi flourished between the 2nd and 12th centuries AD under the rule of the Kushanas, Kshatrapas, and later the Guptas. During this period, several monasteries and temples were constructed, many of which lie in ruins today.
Gupta Temple – Beginning of Temple Architecture in India
Among the surviving monuments, the ‘Gupta Temple’, dating back to the 5th century AD, is one of the best-preserved structures in Sanchi and reflects the architectural brilliance of the Gupta dynasty. A visit to Sanchi remains incomplete without exploring this temple, which is often regarded as a symbol marking the beginning of temple architecture in India.
Compared to the grand ancient Hindu temples of South India, the architecture of this temple is relatively simple and modest. Dedicated to Lord Shiva, the temple also symbolizes the harmonious coexistence of Buddhist and Hindu cultures in ancient India.
Rediscovery and Restoration of Sanchi
After the decline of the Gupta dynasty, the Buddhist city of Sanchi remained deserted for many centuries until it was rediscovered in 1818 by the British General Mark Taylor.
The restoration of this historic site began between 1912 and 1919, during which many important monuments were carefully repaired and preserved. The Archaeological Survey of India also established a museum at Sanchi to display the artefacts unearthed during excavations in the region.
One of the major highlights of the museum is the capital of the ‘Ashoka Pillar’, featuring four lions seated back-to-back — a symbol that later became the National Emblem of India.
City of the Valiant Queen Rani Lakshmibai, Jhansi
One of the most famous historical cities not only in Madhya Pradesh but in the whole of India, Jhansi is remembered as one of the key centres of the First War of Independence against the British in 1857. It is the same city where one of India’s greatest queens and freedom fighters, Rani Lakshmibai, attained martyrdom while fighting courageously for the nation’s freedom. Dotted with numerous historical monuments, Jhansi is truly a delight for history enthusiasts.
Jhansi Fort – Symbol of Courage and Resistance
The most prominent attraction of the city is the ancient ‘Jhansi Fort’, built by the Bundela ruler Raja Bir Singh Deo in 1613. Strategically perched atop a rocky hill, the fort offered a commanding view of the surrounding area, making it easier to monitor the movement of invaders. The fort was also protected by ten gates spread across the city’s periphery, all of which had to be crossed before entering the fort premises.
After the decline of Bundela rule, the fort came under the control of the Marathas and later the British, who ruthlessly destroyed many important structures within the complex. During a visit to the fort, one can notice the influence of three distinct architectural styles — Rajputana, Jain, and Indo-Islamic — reflected in its various structures.
Though not as massive as many other forts in India, Jhansi Fort occupies a special place in Indian history, as it was here that the spark of India’s freedom struggle against British rule was ignited. Visitors can still see the two historic cannons, ‘Khadak Bijli’ and ‘Bhavani Shankar’, which were used by Rani Lakshmibai during the battle against the British.
Standing as a living testimony to courage, valour, and patriotism, the fort continues to inspire visitors with the heroic legacy of Rani Lakshmibai.
Rani Mahal – Seat of Administration and Strategy
Located near Jhansi Fort is the beautiful ‘Rani Mahal’, from where Rani Lakshmibai administered the affairs of Jhansi. It was here that she heard the petitions of common people, delivered judgements, and punished the guilty. The palace also served as a meeting place where Lakshmibai, Tantya Tope, and Nana Sahib planned strategies against the British.
Today, the palace has been converted into an archaeological museum that houses an impressive collection of priceless artefacts dating back to the Gupta, Pratihara, and Chandela periods. The Darbar Hall of the palace is particularly noteworthy for its beautifully painted walls adorned with intricate floral and faunal motifs.
Legacy of Jhansi
One of the most significant historical destinations in Central India, Jhansi played a vital role in challenging British authority and inspiring India’s freedom movement. A visit to this remarkable city leaves travellers deeply enlightened about the courage, sacrifice, and patriotism that shaped the history of India.
Ancient Ruins of Pawaya
Pawaya is a small village located around 70 kilometres from the popular tourist city of Gwalior in Madhya Pradesh. The village is believed to stand on the site of the ancient city of Padmavati. References to this ancient city have been found in several classical Sanskrit texts, which describe Padmavati as a magnificent city lined with tall mansions and temples, situated near the confluence of the Para and Sindhu rivers.
Padmavati in Ancient Literature
According to Bhavabhuti’s legendary drama Malati and Madhava, the love story of the two protagonists unfolds against the backdrop of the beautiful city of Padmavati. The city is portrayed as a place adorned with towering shikharas, exquisite temples, beautiful gardens filled with Kadamb trees, and crystal-clear lakes blooming with lotuses, all of which added to its pristine charm.
The text also describes Padmavati as being surrounded by dense forests, while the rivers Sindh, Para, Mahuar, and Nun flowed gracefully nearby. There are also vivid references to a picturesque waterfall on the Sindh River, a tantric cult temple, and a sacred site dedicated to Lord Shiva.
Apart from Bhavabhuti’s poetic work, several ancient Vedic texts also mention this remarkable city, inspiring many historians to search for its actual location.
Discovery and Excavations
It was during 1915–1916 that the renowned historian M. V. Lele successfully identified ancient Padmavati with present-day Pawaya. Later excavations carried out under the supervision of archaeologist M. B. Garde in 1924–25, 1933–34, and 1941 further confirmed the identification of the ancient city.
The ruins of Padmavati at Pawaya are spread over an area of nearly two square miles and are protected by the Archaeological Survey of India. Upon reaching the excavation site, visitors can see the remains of a ‘Gupta-age temple platform’, which today stands deserted yet hints at the magnificence of the original structure that still awaits complete excavation.
Bricks protruding from the underground can also be seen across the site, adding to its mysterious charm. Several fragments of stone sculptures, terracotta images, and coins belonging to the Naga Kingdom discovered during the excavations are now preserved in the Gurjari Mahal Museum at Gwalior Fort.
A Hidden Historical Treasure
Pawaya rarely appears on conventional tourist maps and remains largely unexplored by travellers. Yet, this quiet village unfolds many silent pages of a glorious era long lost to time. For anyone with a keen interest in history, archaeology, and ancient Indian civilization, Pawaya certainly deserves a visit.
Prehistoric Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka
Nestled in the foothills of the Vindhya Mountains in the Raisen district of Madhya Pradesh lie numerous clusters of natural rock shelters and caves adorned with ancient rock paintings dating back nearly 30,000 years or even earlier. Considered one of the most archaeologically significant sites in India, these rock shelters and paintings provide some of the earliest evidence of human life and Stone Age culture on the Indian subcontinent.
Discovery of Bhimbetka
Surrounded by dense forests and rugged cliffs, the caves of Bhimbetka were discovered in 1957 by Dr. Vishnu Wakankar, a passionate archaeologist of his time. While exploring the region, he accidentally stumbled upon this extraordinary treasure of prehistoric Indian art. This discovery marked the beginning of a series of excavations that brought to light numerous rock paintings belonging to the Palaeolithic and early medieval periods.
Ancient Rock Paintings and Human Life
The walls and ceilings of these caves depict fascinating scenes of hunting, battles, communal dances, animal fights, and everyday social activities of prehistoric humans. One can also notice paintings of animals such as tigers, bison, wild boars, elephants, and peacocks, all beautifully illustrating the close relationship between early humans and nature.
These paintings offer valuable insight into the social life, cultural practices, and survival techniques of prehistoric communities. Scenes of hunters carrying bows and arrows, spears, and other primitive weapons clearly reflect the tools and methods used by nomadic tribes during ancient times.
The use of colours such as red, white, green, and yellow in the paintings is equally intriguing and raises curiosity about how prehistoric humans discovered ways to create natural pigments using materials like manganese, red sandstone, leaves, vegetables, and fruits.
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Today, Bhimbetka is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and attracts historians, archaeologists, researchers, and travellers from across the globe. Rich in archaeological significance and prehistoric art, Bhimbetka is undoubtedly a must-visit destination for anyone exploring Central India, especially those fascinated by ancient civilizations and archaeological discoveries.
Originally Chosen Site for the Taj Mahal – Burhanpur
Located on the northern bank of the Tapti River in Madhya Pradesh, Burhanpur is a historic town in Central India that was founded during the late 14th century by the Sultan of Khandesh, who also gave the city its name. Under the rule of the Khandesh dynasty, several palaces and monuments were constructed in Burhanpur, and the city gradually emerged as an important textile hub.
In 1601, Burhanpur came under the control of the Mughal emperor Akbar. During the Mughal era, the city witnessed the addition of many magnificent palaces and monuments that today stand as reminders of its glorious past. Following the decline of Mughal power, Burhanpur came under the rule of the Marathas and later the British in 1818.
Even today, the remnants of Mughal grandeur and the city’s rich architectural heritage attract thousands of tourists every year, especially history enthusiasts and lovers of art and architecture.
Shahi Qila and the Legacy of Mumtaz Mahal
Among the many historical attractions in Burhanpur, the majestic ‘Shahi Qila’ leaves the strongest impression on visitors. Built during the reign of Shah Jahan, the fort may largely lie in ruins today, but a walk through its remains still evokes the splendour and opulence of the Mughal era.
The primary highlight of the fort is the ‘Zenana Shahi Hammam’, the royal bath built for Mumtaz Mahal, the beloved wife of Shah Jahan. Decorated with exquisite carvings and painted frescoes, many of which have been carefully preserved, the hammam offers a glimpse into the remarkable craftsmanship of Mughal artisans.
Directly opposite the fort lies the ‘Ahukhana’, or the Deer Park, which once served as Shah Jahan’s favourite hunting ground. The enclosed garden complex features a tank, a pleasure pavilion, and an elevated covered platform. It is believed that the mortal remains of Mumtaz Mahal were kept here for six months before being moved to her final resting place at the Taj Mahal in Agra. For this reason, Burhanpur is often regarded as the originally chosen site for the Taj Mahal.
Asirgarh Fort – Gateway to the South
For travellers visiting Burhanpur, an excursion to the magnificent ‘Asirgarh Fort’ is highly recommended. Perched atop the Satpura Hills, the fort was strategically built to maintain control over southern India, which earned it the title ‘Dakkhan ka Darwaza’ or the ‘Gateway to the South’.
Constructed by the Khandesh rulers around 1400, Asirgarh Fort today stands among the most impressive forts in India and attracts numerous visitors travelling through Central India. Within the fort complex, one can also find an ancient Shiva temple and a mosque built from black stone.
Religious Importance of Burhanpur
While Burhanpur is primarily known for its historical legacy, it also holds immense religious significance for the Bohra Muslim and Sikh communities.
The ‘Dargah-e-Hakimi’, built during the reign of Akbar, is among the most beautiful tomb complexes in India. The complex includes a mosque, beautifully landscaped gardens, and world-class accommodation facilities. It serves as an important pilgrimage site for followers of the Dawoodi Bohra community, who visit to pay homage to their spiritual leader, Syedi Hakimuddin, buried within the complex.
Another important religious site in the city is the 400-year-old ‘Burhanpur Gurudwara’, which preserves a copy of the sacred ‘Guru Granth Sahib’ along with weapons associated with Guru Gobind Singh Ji. This revered site attracts Sikh devotees from across India and abroad.
Cultural Town of Chanderi
Chanderi is a prominent historical and cultural town located in the valley of the Betwa River in Madhya Pradesh. The town is believed to have existed since Vedic times, with its name mentioned in the Mahabharata as the kingdom of King Shishupal. Surrounded by lofty hills and lush forests, modern-day Chanderi is home to numerous historical monuments gifted by the Malwa Sultans and the Bundela Rajputs during their reigns in the region.
Apart from its rich historical legacy, Chanderi and its surroundings are dotted with several ancient Jain temples, making it an important pilgrimage destination for the Jain community. The town also holds a special place on the global textile map as the hub of the exquisite handwoven Chanderi silk and brocade.
Chanderi Fort and Khooni Darwaza
For every traveller visiting Chanderi, the journey usually begins with the historic ‘Chanderi Fort’, dating back to the Mughal era. Perched strategically atop a hill, the fort provided a commanding view of the surrounding region, making it easier to monitor approaching enemy forces.
The entrance to the fort is through the famous ‘Khooni Darwaza’, which still stands tall today. According to historical accounts, the gate derives its name from the bloody battle fought between Babur and Medni Rai in 1528. It is believed that the battle was so fierce that the blood of fallen soldiers flowed up to this very gate, thus giving it the name ‘Khooni Darwaza’.
Near the entrance of the fort stands a small yet impressive mosque built during the reign of Babur. The walls and pillars of the mosque are beautifully adorned with intricate carvings and verses from the Holy Quran.
The Iconic Badal Mahal Gate
Another famous and widely photographed monument of Chanderi is the ‘Badal Mahal Gate’. Interestingly, despite its name, historians believe that it is neither a gate nor a palace. It is an independent structure consisting of two towering minarets connected by a beautifully carved arch topped with intricate jali work.
According to local legends, this was the place where the legendary singer Baiju Bawra used to sing while welcoming visitors to the fort, and every time he sang, rains blessed the city. The image of this iconic structure can still be seen on Chanderi’s postal stamps as well as on the stamps issued by the state’s Handloom Department.
Boodhi Chanderi – The Old Chanderi
Located a few kilometres away from Chanderi town is ‘Boodhi Chanderi’ or ‘Old Chanderi’, hidden amidst dense forests. The site preserves the remnants of ancient Jain temples dating back to the 10th and 11th centuries. Broken idols, temple remains, and stone inscriptions can still be found scattered across the area, narrating stories of the town’s ancient past.
A Treasure Trove of Heritage
Chanderi and its surroundings are truly a treasure trove of historical monuments, temples, and cultural heritage. Exploring the town in its entirety can easily take several days. So, while travelling through Central India, make sure to include this hidden gem of Madhya Pradesh in your itinerary.
Lost Town of Chhattisgarh – Sirpur
Located on the banks of the Mahanadi River in Chhattisgarh, Sirpur is a small town of immense archaeological and historical significance. Once an important Buddhist centre between the 6th and 10th centuries AD, the town gained widespread attention in recent years after extensive excavations began here in 2000, revealing remarkable masterpieces of ancient art and architecture.
Today, Sirpur attracts a wide range of visitors, from casual travellers and history enthusiasts to archaeologists and art lovers, and has emerged as one of the prominent destinations on the travel itineraries of tourists exploring Central India.
Lakshmana Temple – Finest Brick Temple of India
The most famous attraction of Sirpur is the ‘Lakshmana Temple’, dating back to the 7th century AD. Dedicated to Lord Vishnu, it is one of the best-preserved ancient structures in the region and is regarded as one of the finest brick temples in India.
The temple’s beautifully ornamented walls, adorned with intricate carvings depicting scenes from Krishna’s raasleela and the various incarnations of Lord Vishnu, captivate every visitor with their artistic brilliance and detailed craftsmanship.
Buddha Vihara – A Remarkable Discovery
Another fascinating site in Sirpur is the ‘Buddha Vihara’, one of the most significant discoveries made during the excavations. This Buddhist monastery is believed to be larger in size than the vihara of the famous Nalanda University in Bihar.
Believed to date back to the Gupta period, the structure is a masterpiece of architecture and sculpture. Among its many highlights is the beautifully carved depiction of the famous monkey and alligator story from the Panchatantra, which leaves visitors truly mesmerized.
Other Archaeological Treasures of Sirpur
Apart from these two major attractions, Sirpur is home to several other archaeological wonders. These include the remains of an underground granary market, an ancient Ayurvedic treatment centre, the Gandeshwar Temple, the Balesvara Mahadeva Temple Complex, and a magnificent sculpture of Lord Buddha in the ‘Bhumisparsha Mudra’.
Rich in history, spirituality, and archaeological heritage, Sirpur stands as a fascinating lost town waiting to be explored by travellers seeking a deeper connection with India’s ancient past.
Forts of Bilaspur
Located on the banks of the Arpa River in Chhattisgarh, Bilaspur is the second-largest city in the state and a prominent tourist destination owing to the wealth of historical monuments it preserves. The city is also an important pilgrimage centre, with several ancient temples located in and around its vicinity.
For history enthusiasts, however, it is the abundance of historical forts that makes Bilaspur particularly fascinating. Although many of these forts stand in ruins today and remain relatively lesser-known, a few continue to attract historians and keen explorers interested in the region’s rich past.
Ratanpur Fort
The most prominent among these is the ‘Ratanpur Fort’, situated around 25 kilometres from Bilaspur. Dating back to the 11th century, the fort was built by King Ratnadev and once stood as a symbol of the power and prosperity of the region. Though much of the fort now lies in ruins, its remnants still reflect the grandeur and historical importance it once held.
Other Historical Forts
Apart from the Ratanpur Fort, the ‘Fort Bahadurpur’ and ‘Fort Sariun’ also attract visitors with an interest in history and archaeology. Though not as widely explored, these forts continue to narrate silent stories of the bygone era and offer glimpses into the military and architectural legacy of the region.
A Journey Through Central India’s Heritage
We hope the above list of historical sites and destinations in Central India offers you a fascinating glimpse into India’s rich historical, cultural, and architectural heritage. From majestic forts and ancient temples to archaeological wonders and forgotten cities, Central India truly stands as a treasure trove for travellers seeking to explore the glorious chapters of India’s past.
Please feel free to write to us with your comments, suggestions, or queries.
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About the author
From the Lake District, Nainital, Nidhi Singh is a travel writer whose love for mountains can be seen in her write ups. Talk about solo travelling, indulging in adventure activities, binging on good food, planning budget trips or the Aurora Borealis and you will get all her attention. It is the wanderlust that keeps her going and if at all she could get one wish granted she would love to live a life less ordinary. Follow her on Twitter, Facebook & Instagram.
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